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Ca2+ Imaging in Plants Using Genetically Encoded Yellow Cameleon Ca2+ Indicators 1 Aug 2013 | 06:00 pm
Temporally and spatially defined changes in cellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration represent stimulus-specific signals and regulate a myriad of biological processes. The development of ratiometric Ca2+...
Imaging Mouse Cancer Models In Vivo Using Reporter Transgenes 1 Aug 2013 | 06:00 pm
Imaging mouse models of cancer with reporter transgenes has become a relatively common experimental approach in the laboratory, which allows noninvasive and longitudinal investigation of diverse aspec...
Purification of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells from Rat Cortices by Immunopanning 1 Aug 2013 | 06:00 pm
This protocol describes how to purify oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) from postnatal rodent brains. The method utilizes an immunopanning technique to first remove unwanted cells by negative sel...
Local Estimators of Size in Stereological Studies 1 Aug 2013 | 06:00 pm
There are two general categories of stereological methods, global and local. Global stereological estimators include estimators of total volume, surface, length, and number. Local estimators can be us...
Live Cell Imaging of Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Ca2+ Dynamics in Arabidopsis Roots 1 Aug 2013 | 06:00 pm
Approaches for Ca2+ measurement require data recording with high spatiotemporal resolution. This is achieved by combined usage of locally targeted genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) and co...
Imaging of Mitochondrial and Nuclear Ca2+ Dynamics in Arabidopsis Roots 1 Aug 2013 | 06:00 pm
Here we report a method for analyzing mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics in plant root cells by means of the newly generated cameleon probe 4mt-YC3.6. The use of plants expressing both nuclear- and mitochond...
Packaging shRNA Retroviruses 1 Aug 2013 | 06:00 pm
To silence a mammalian gene by RNAi using an encoded trigger, a short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) is integrated into the host cell genome as a stable transgene. Target cells are infected with viral plasmid co...
Infection of Mammalian Cells with Retroviral shRNAs 1 Aug 2013 | 06:00 pm
Viral infection is a quite simple approach for stably introducing transgenes (e.g., those encoding short-hairpin RNAs [shRNAs]) into the genome. The critical aspects are that the virus and the target ...
Dye Labeling Retinal Ganglion Cell Axons in Live Xenopus Tadpoles 1 Aug 2013 | 06:00 pm
Individual neurons in the developing nervous system can be visualized by the targeted delivery of a fluorophore. In this article, we describe a method for introducing a fluorescent dye via iontophores...
Bulk Electroporation of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Live Xenopus Tadpoles 1 Aug 2013 | 06:00 pm
Individual neurons in the developing nervous system of Xenopus laevis can be visualized by the targeted delivery of a fluorophore. The fluorophore can be delivered as a fluorescent dye or DNA that enc...
